Teaching Media Chapter 4


Media and Material

Materials don’t have to be digital or expensive to be useful. Small can indeed be beautiful, and inexpensive can be effective! In fact, in some situations –for instance, isolated, rural areas; teaching locations that lack electricity; programs or schools with a low budget –these simpler materials may be the only media that make sense to use.

Manipulatives.
          Real objects –such as coins, tools, artifacts, plants, and animals –are some of the most accesible, intriguing, and involving materials in educational use. Real objects may be used as is, or you may modify them to enhance instruction. Examples of modification include the following:
1.      Cutaways: Devices such as machines with one side cut away to allow close observation of the inner workings.
2.      Specimens: Actual plants, animals, or parts there of preserved for convenient inspection.
3.      Exhibits: Collections of artifacts, often of a scientific or historical nature, brough together with printed information to illustrate a point.
Models are three-dimesional representations of real objects. A model may be larger, smaller, or the same size as the object is represents. It may be complete in detail or simplified for instructional purposes. Indeed, models can provide learning experiences that real things cannot provide.

Computer Programs and Manipulatives
            The recent addition of manipulatives and student hands-on materials included in computer software packages is an example of how traditional nonprojected media are being incorporated into software programs to provide powerful learning experiences.

Field Trips.
          The field trip, an excursion outside the classroom to study real processes, people, and objects, often grows out of students’ need for firsthand experiences. It makes it possible for students to encounter phenomena that cannot be brought into the classroom for observation and study.
            Example of field trips include a trip of a few minutes into the schoolyard to observe a tree, a trek across the street to see construction work, or a longer trip of several days to tour historical locations.

Printed Materials.
          Printed materials include textbooks, fiction and nonfiction books, booklets, pamphlets, study guides, manuals, and worksheets, as well as word processed documents prepared by students and teachers. Textbooks have long been the foundation of classroom instruction. The other forms of media discussed in this book are frequently used in conjuction with and as supplements to printed materials.

Free and Inexpensive Materials.
            These free and inexpensive materials can supplement instruction in many subjects; they can be the main source of instruction on certain topics. For example, many videotapes are available for loan without a rental fee; the only expense is the return postage. By definition, any material that you can borrow or acquire permanently for instructional purposes without a significant cost, usually less that a couple of dollars, can be referred to as free or inexpensive.
1.      Sources
2.      Obtaining Materials
3.      Appraising Materials

Display Surfaces.
          How you display your visuals will depend on a number of factors, including the nature of your audience, the nature of your visuals, the instructional setting, and, of course, the availability of the various display surfaces.
1.      Chalkboards
2.      Multipurpose Boards
3.      Copy Boards
4.      Pegboards
5.      Bulletin Boards
6.      Cloth Boards
7.      Magnetic Boards
8.      Flip Charts
9.      Exhibits
·         Displays
·         Dioramas

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